Essay about Sigmund Frueds Psychology - 1339 Words

Sigmund Freud was born in 1856 in Frieber, Moravia; his father was a wool merchant and his mother was twenty years younger than his father. Freud had two step brothers which were around the same age as his mother; one stepbrother had a son who became Freud’s playmate growing up (Sigmund). Around the age of four, Freud and his family moved to Vienna where he stayed for a majority of his life. (Boeree) When Freud’s family moved to Vienna, they lived in an area that was highly populated with Jews (the Leopoldstadt slum) but the city around them was majority Catholic. Their housing was extremely cramped and they moved numerous times. Vienna had a better education system and business opportunities than most other places around them.†¦show more content†¦He died from cancer of the mouth and jaw. (Boree) Freud is the father of the Psychodynamic Model which is â€Å"the oldest and most famous of the modern psychological models† (Comer, 2011, p. 37). Psychodyna mic theorists believe that people’s behaviors are driven by underlying psychological forces; these forces come from the unconscious mind (Comer, 2011, p. 37). He developed what is known as psychoanalysis: â€Å"a way to treat certain mental illnesses by exposing and discussing a patient’s unconscious thoughts and feelings† (Sigmund). Freud was a heavy believer in hypnosis which he learned most from Joseph Breuer; Breuer claimed that he successfully treated a woman by hypnotizing her and tracing back her symptoms to the traumatic experience of her father dying (Sigmund). Freud later dropped the idea of hypnosis and started analyzing dreams believing that many unconscious desires could be found through dreams (Sigmund). Freud developed psychoanalysis further by determining the most powerful unconscious force; he believed that sexual desires at an early age were shut down by the conscious but remained heavily in the unconscious (Sigmund). He wrote â€Å"Three Essa ys on the Theory of Sexuality† which were violently protested at first but were later accepted in to almost every school of psychology. (Sigmund) While Freud most likely suffered from depression and anxiety, off of what was researched in this paper he will be diagnosed with somethingShow MoreRelatedCounsellors are ‘Born’ not ‘Made’ Essay768 Words   |  4 Pages 1. Sigmund Freud: Time Magazine named Freud as one of the influential therapists of the 1900’s in an article which appeared in 2001. Later in 2006 an article which appeared in Newsweek in 2006 he is described as historys most debunked doctor(Newsweek 2006). Even though his theories invite much controversy, he is still referred to as the father of psychoanalyses. 2. B.F. Skinner: He was one of the prominent propionates of a theory called behaviourism. He also constructed what became known asRead MorePsychodynamic Approach Within Psychoanalysis ( A Human Behavior Theory ) Essay1674 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction to psychology TASK 1 Psychodynamic is an approach within psychoanalysis (a human behaviour theory) which was found by Sigmund Freud. He believed that the unconscious mind which was developed primarily from childhood experiences is what drives our behaviour. Freud thought of the human mind as though it was an iceberg the conscious mind (which you’re in control of) as the tip, and the unconscious mind (which you have no control over) as the larger part of the iceberg. This led to him believingRead MoreEssay on Theories of Personality1000 Words   |  4 PagesTheories of Personality Psychoanalytic perspective is based on Sigmund Frued perspectives about early experiences it focuses on the importance of the unconscious mind which contains thoughts, wishes, feelings and memories/past experiences in which we are unaware of. The id operates on the pleasure principle by satisfying basic urges, needs, and desires. Ego operates on the reality principle, satisfies the id’s desires in ways that it will cause pleasure instead of pain. Superego strivesRead MoreAre Counselors Born or Made?1352 Words   |  6 PagesThis discussion relates only to the very best of counselors. A list of the most influential counselors outlined in an article by By Kendra Cherry titled ‘A Look at Eminent Thinkers in Psychology’ includes the following: 1. Sigmund Freud: Time Magazine named Freud as one of the influential therapists of the 1900’s in an article which appeared in 2001. Later in 2006 an article which appeared in Newsweek in 2006 he is described as historys most debunked doctor(Newsweek 2006). Even though his theoriesRead MoreHow Psychology Has Developed Over The Centuries1773 Words   |  8 PagesThis assignment begins by explaining how psychology has developed over the centuries to current day. Psychology did not become an independent area of study until the 19th century. Two theoretical perspectives will then be evaluated; the psychodynamic theory including the work of Freud. Followed by the biological theory, concluding with the conclusion. Psychology has developed from philosophy, science, medicine and theology (King 2015). Back between 664-554BC in Egypt the temple – university IpetRead MoreP3 Explain specific health psychology issues Essay example3972 Words   |  16 Pagesï » ¿P3 Explain specific health psychology issues Eating disorders are characterised by an abnormal attitude towards food that causes an individual to change their eating habits and their behaviour. There are several types of eating disorders that can effect an individual physically, psychologically and socially. The two eating disorders which I will be discussing is anorexia and bulimia. Anorexia is an eating disorder and a mental health condition which can be life-threatening. Anorexia is an irrational

North Sea Oil and Gas Free Essays

Every business or industry is prone to various risks which include floods, earthquake, terrorists which the industry should put mechanisms in place to avoid such. Effective contingency planning has been of importance to most industries that embrace the idea. North Sea oil and Gas has for a long time been prone to the problem of changing weather conditions which is especially experienced in the sea. We will write a custom essay sample on North Sea Oil and Gas or any similar topic only for you Order Now The companies that exploit the North Sea oil and gas have put a lot of emphasis on risk management and most of the companies have set up risk management departments (Leslie and Michaels, 1997). Numerous deaths had occurred during the exploitation of North Sea oil and gas in the 1970s and 1980s and this called for effective contingency planning to reduce the losses incurred by loosing workforce and by spillage of oil and gas due to buckles. The companies that exploit the gas and oil have invested in the contingency planning as a way of way of managing the risks (Leslie and Michaels, 1997). North Sea oil and gas has been a source of wealth to the countries that exploit the resource. North Sea oil has been used to refer to the oil and natural gas exists beneath the North Sea. The countries that exploit the North Sea oil and gas include Netherlands, Norway, Germany, United Kingdom and Denmark. Most countries and especially companies that have been given license to exploit the resource have taken proactive measures of risk. Mining beneath the sea has led to many deaths of the people involved and this has called for heavy investment in risk management projects undertaken by the companies. The pipes that transfer the oil and natural gas from underground reservoirs to processing plants which are mainly located some distance from the sea must be strong to withstand the waves in the sea. Depending on weather changes, waves differ in their height and this call for contingency planning otherwise heavy losses are incurred by the particular company (Leslie and Michaels, 1997). In the 1970s, the North Sea oil a gas companies took proactive measures to avoid heavy losses that resulted when waves exceeded the height of 3 meters. The operators laid many pipes which assumed the shape of S to maintain smoothness between the large barge and the ocean floor. The operators used bow anchors to further buckles by raising and resetting the pipes at the barges. The operators had to be keen because improper lowering of pipes would result into a pipe buckle which presented a serious threat in laying the pipes. The excessive height of waves which exceeded the anticipated height resulted in further risk of pipe buckles due to uncontrolled lowering of pipes. The companies therefore had to purchase a large number of steel pipes to avoid delays incase of any pipe buckle and this methods was not cost effective as the company would have desired. Any proactive measure that is taken to manage risk should be cost effective, utility effective and must therefore be maximizing benefits for the company while minimizing cost (Leslie and Michaels, 1997). An effective contingency planning in managing risks in project requires good planning and coordination of all the stakeholders in the project to ensure maximum desirable result. Risk management involves taking measures in dealing with uncertainty. The North Sea and oil contingency planning that was adopted in 19790s involves dealing with uncertainty because in favorable weather conditions, there is less cost involved in dealing with risks since pipe buckles will be few and hence very few new pipes will be required to be laid. However, since it’s hard to predict the height of the waves in the sea which can cause heavy losses if unchecked, the companies that explore the oil and gas in the areas must take precautionary measures (Leslie and Michaels, 1997). Exploration of North Sea oil any natural gas involves making wealth for the companies that are undertaking the projects. The importance of contingency planning in the exploration project is very essential in risk management because it’s used to assess the possibility of bad weather condition which is a threat to the project. The assessment is consequently used to reduce the possibility of underperformance that may be realized when no measures are undertaken to reduce or avoid the pipe buckles. The cost of replacing buckled pipes reduces the profit margin that is realized in the project and therefore effective contingency planning help to manage the risk. Effective contingency planning helps to capture the benefits of fair weather. Uncertainty about weather conditions is a threat that faces the North Sea offshore pipe laying. If effective contingency planning is observed, long periods of bad weather can be sustained because the project major should be able to recognize and deal with the bad condition threat which is inevitable. The project managers should ensure there is plenty supply of pipes during bad weather condition to avoid delays in replacing the buckle pipes. The project managers should observe good contingency planning by ensuring that the oil and gas pipeline are complete before the bad weather sets in and this will assist in reducing the costs associated with contingency planning. Laying pipelines in time helps in avoiding major delays in the project which may result in heavy monetary losses. Contingency planning for reducing possible threats that are associated with North Sea and oil exploration could be a possible way of increasing income to the companies that are undertaking the project. American project management institute (PMI) argue that there is a possible opportunity associated with the risks that threaten the project in winter, bad weather conditions has been known to lead to gas shortage in most cities which due to law of demand, the prices increase. This could be an opportunity for those companies that are concerned with the project. Effective contingency planning in managing risk North Sea oil and gas has created an opportunity to the companies undertaking the project. This is attributed to the precautions taken by the companies in anticipation of bad weather threat. The project involves paying for delivery before the contract begins. Most companies that want to protect themselves from the deficient supply of the resources therefore buy the resources before the contract begins. The high demand has contributed to higher revenue derived from the project and this consequently results to higher profitability (Leslie and Michaels, 1997). Contingency planning which is mainly associated with managing risks should not only focus on the threats that hamper the success of the project but should also view threats as an opportunity to achieve the objectives of the project. Achievement of objectives means the project has succeeded. Therefore effective contingency planning in addressing risks should recognize the close relationship of threats and opportunities. The actions taken by the project manager in reducing the risks should seek to create an opportunity for excellence (Leslie and Michaels, 1997). Effective contingency planning should not focus on managing threats. Instead the project should seek to identify the different sources of risks and consequently how to manage the risks. Focus on risks draw emphasis on the anticipated failure. Therefore, assessing the various sources of uncertainty and how those uncertainties can be a threat to the project and consequently how to manage the uncertainties involves application of effective contingency planning. North Sea oil and gas exploration is associated with many uncertainties which present various threats to the project. Focus on the opportunities created by the uncertainties management can lead to profitability and success of the project. The project manager should identify the origins of uncertainties instead of managing risk first and this will assist in addressing the root of the problem. Most projects have failed to meet the set objectives due to their failure to address the root of the problems. Superficial problem solving has led undesirable results. Therefore identification of the source of uncertainties should be considered as the beginning of the risk management process in effective contingency planning (Leslie and Michaels, 1997). Uncertainty is present in every project and in all stages of the project life cycle (PLC). The uncertainty is contributed by various reasons which are inevitable. All projects success is based on various assumptions which are the main sources of uncertainties. Differences in the performance of project concerning cost, quality and duration that is required to complete the project bring a lot of uncertainties. In laying pipes in the ocean in a way that will avoid pipe buckles involved a lot of uncertainties. This is attributed to the changing weather conditions. Its hard to forecast the height of the waves in the ocean in a particular season and this present source of uncertainties since its hard to know with certainty the cost of dealing with the threat since its hard to tell the amount of pipes to be knocked down and therefore requiring replacement (Leslie and Michaels, 1997). Proactive risk management in the North Sea oil and gas project should be entrenched in both base plans and contingency plans. It’s argued that if a project focuses very much on being cost effective it’s bound to fail on risk management in some occasions. However, crisis management should only be used as principal management in some occasions. However, crisis management should only be used as principal management mode if the risk management fails completely (Leslie and Michaels, 1997). References Leslie, Keith, J. and Michaels, Max, P. â€Å"The Real Power of Real Options†. The McKinsey Quarterly 3 (1997):134-225. How to cite North Sea Oil and Gas, Essay examples

Parents as Teachers Essay Example For Students

Parents as Teachers Essay Throughout my life, I have been lucky enough to have a very good relationship with my parents. They have supported me, given me necessary criticism, and taught me a great deal about how to live my life. Parents can be very important teachers in our lives; however, they are not always the best teachers. Parents may be too close to their children emotionally. Sometimes they can only see their children through the eyes of a protector. For example, they may limit a childs freedom in the name of safety. A teacher might see a trip to a big city as a valuable new experience. However, it might seem too dangerous to a parent. Another problem is that parents may expect their childrens interests to be similar to their own They cant seem to separate from their children in their mind. If they love science, they may try to force their child to love science too. But what if their childs true love is art, or writing, or car repair? Parents are usually eager to pass on their values to their children. But should children always believe what their parents do? Maybe different generations need different ways of thinking. When children are young, they believe that their parents are always right. But when they get older, they realize there are other views. Sometimes parents, especially older ones, cant keep up with rapid social or technological changes. A student who has friends of all different races and backgrounds at school may find that his parents have narrower views. A student who loves computers may find that her parents dont really understand or value the digital revolution. Sometimes kids have to find their own ways to what they believe in. The most important thing to realize is that we all have many teachers in our lives. Our parents teach us, our teachers teach us, and our peers teach us. Books and newspapers and television also teach us. All of them are valuable. .

Environmental Uncertainty Essay Example

Environmental Uncertainty Paper Environmental Uncertainty in Organization. Define environmental uncertainty and resource dependence. Describe the major ways in which managers can deal with high environmental uncertainty and resource dependence. A good answer would base the analysis of environmental uncertainty on Dunces approach, which characterizes uncertainty in the stable-unstable and simple-complex dimensions. It should identify buffering, boundary spanning, organizational differentiation and integration as responses to growing uncertainties. As to management of resource dependence, the student should refer to inter-organizational linkages (ownership, strategic alliances, interlocking directorates, executive recruitment) and boundary spanning. The modern organizations do not live in the vacuum. They are open systems, which must interact with the environment. It must continuously change and adapt to the environment. Organizational environment is defined as all elements that exist outside the boundary of the organization and have the potential to affect all or part of the organization. The environment of an organization can also be understood by analyzing its domain within external sectors. An organizations domain is the chosen environmental field of action. Domain defines the organizations niche and defines those external sectors with which the organization will interact to accomplish its goals. The environment comprises several sectors or subdivisions of the external environment that contain similar elements. Ten sectors can be analyses for each organization: industry, raw materials, human resources, financial resources, market, technology, economic conditions, government, acculturation an d international. We will write a custom essay sample on Environmental Uncertainty specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Environmental Uncertainty specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Environmental Uncertainty specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The environment influences the organization by two essential ways, first, the need for information about the environment; second, the need for resources room the environment. The environmental condition of complexity and change create a greater need to gather information and to respond based on that information. The organization also is concerned with the scarce material and financial resources provided by the environment and with the needs to ensure the availability of resources. Environmental uncertainty means that decision makers do not have sufficient information about environmental factors and they have a difficult time predicting external changes. Uncertainty increases the risk of failure for organizational responses and sakes it difficult to compute costs and probabilities associated with decision alternatives. Characteristics of the environmental domain that influence uncertainty are the extent to which the external domain is simple or complex and the extent to which events are stable or unstable. Simple and complex dimension The simple-complex dimension concerns environmental complexity, which refers to heterogeneity, or the number and dissimilarity of external elements relevant to an organizations operations. In a complex environment, many diverse external elements interact with and influence the organization. While in a simple environment, as few as three or four similar external elements influence the organization. MBPS is good example for the organization in a complex environment. It must cope with the customers, which is the potential students, competitors, which is the other business school such as LBS, Cornfield, and it must cope with government as well. We can also add alumni, MBA association To this list. In a word, a large number of external elements thus make up the organizations domain, creating a complex environment. Comparing with MBPS, a community middle school is rather living in a simple environment. As in the same community there are no other competitors, it also need not to attract potential students for all the students are assigned to this school. Stable-unstable dimension The stable-unstable dimension refers to whether elements in the environment are dynamic. An environmental domain is stable if it remains the same over a period of months or years. Under unstable conditions, environmental elements shift abruptly. Take competition for example, instability may occur when competitors react with aggressive moves and counterforce regarding advertising and new products. The simple-complex and stable-unstable dimensions are combined into a framework for assessing environmental uncertainty. ( Daft 137) There are four kinds of external environment uncertainty. A simple stable environment has low uncertainty. There are only a few outside elements to concern about and they are very stable which makes it to be easy to predict. Container manufactures are a good example under this environment. The whole market for container is 2. An a complex but stable environment the uncertainty is somewhat greater than the above one. A large number of elements have to be scanned, analyses, and acted upon for the organization to perform well. But as the external elements do not change rapidly or unexpectedly, it is not difficult for the decision maker to predict future change. Hospitals are under this 3. The simple but unstable environment has greater uncertainty than complex but stable environment. Although there are small numbers of external elements and they are similar, they are hard to predict and they react unexpectedly to organizational initiatives. Most e-commerce companies are in this kind of environment. They focus on a specific competitive niche which are not complicated. But the elements in this environment are not stable. The taste of customers is changing all the time; the competitors will introduce new product from time to time, even the government will set some regulation unexpectedly. The greatest uncertainty for an organization occurs in the complex, unstable environment. A large number of elements impinge upon the organization, and they shift frequently or react strongly to organizational initiatives. When several sectors change simultaneously the environment becomes turbulent. We have countless examples under this environment Most of the international company sees are facing Environmental uncertainty represents an important contingency for organization structure and internal behaviors. Organizations facing uncertainty generally have a more horizontal structure that encourages cross- functional communication and collaboration to help the company adapt to changes in the environments. Organizations need to have the right fit between internal structure and the external environment with respect to positions and departments, organizational differentiation and integration, control processes, and future planning and forecasting. 1 Positions and departments As the complexity in the external environment increases, so does the number of positions and departments within the organization, which in turn increases internal complexity. Each sector in the external environmental sector requires an employee or department to deal with it. One of the traditional ways to cope with uncertainty is to establish buffer department, whose main task is to absorb uncertainty from the environment (this can be called buffer role) so that the technical core, which performs the primary production activity of the organization can keep relatively stable and internal efficiency. For example, the human resources department buffers the technical core by handling the uncertainty associated with finding, hiring, and training production employees. Recently a rather new approach is to drop the buffers and expose the technical core to the uncertain environment. The advocates of this approach insist that being well connected to customers and suppliers is more important than internal efficiency. While opening up the organization to the environment makes it more fluid and adaptable, the organization must have good way to keep balance between reaction to the environment and internal efficiency. It requires the organization have more efficient communication and learning system. Another important role of organization to avoid uncertainty is boundary- spanning roles which link and coordinate an organization with key elements in the external environment This is a two directions role, on one hand detecting and bringing into the organization information about changes in the environment, on the other hand to send information into the environment that presents the organization in a favorable light. In this changing world, organizations have to react to environment very fast, otherwise the organization will die. One of the fastest growing areas of boundary spanning is competitive intelligence. Companies large and small are setting up competitive intelligence departments or hiring outside specialists to gather information on competitors. And then the organizations can adapt its own activity according to the information. The boundary task of sending information into the environment to represent the organization is used to influence other peoples perception Of the organization. In the marketing department, advertising and sales people represent the organization to customers. If the department does not deliver the right information about organization to the external environment, the organization will meet some problems. Organizational differentiation and integration Organization differentiation is the differences in cognitive and emotional orientations among managers in different functional departments, and the difference in formal structure among these departments. The external environment and main challenge for different department within organization is different which makes organizational departments become highly specialized to handle the uncertainty in their external sector. Sometimes, those expertise even seem opposite. The conflict between sales department and finance department is not rare in our life. This naturally introduces another important approach to uncertainty: organization integration, which is the quality of collaboration among departments. Integration mainly involves in coordination among department. As the different departments have different goals, different ways to cope with external environment, coordination between different departments become more and more important. The main role of coordinator is to improve the immunization between departments, maintain common goal of the organization, and so on. Facing the highly uncertain external environment, the organization has to have a high level of differentiation and integration, which help organization keep both flexibility and efficiency. If the uncertainty level of external environment is low, the best strategy for organization is to have a relatively low level differentiation and integration which will be more efficient. 3. Control processes Organization will perform better when the levels of differentiation and integration match the level of uncertainty in the environment. Here we come to another related issue: what kind of control processes is suitable for the organization. This depends on The organization with a high level of differentiation and integration should has looser, free-flowing, and adaptive organization structure. 4. Future planning and forecasting Framework, (Handout 4. 6) organization design under different external environment. Now we turn to the second way the environment affects organization: the need for scarce material resource and financial resource from the organization. Organizations need resources from environment to support velveteen. Resource dependence means that organizations depend on the environment but strive to acquire control over resources to minimize their dependence. Two strategies can be adopted to manage resources in the external environment: 1 . Establish favorable linkages with key elements in the environment; There are five main ways to establish favorable linkages with key elements in the environment. Namely, ownership, formal strategic alliances, interlocking directorates, executive recruitment and buffer spanning. Ownership: companies use ownership to establish linkages when they buy a art of or a controlling interest in another company. This gives the company access to technology, products, or other resources it doses t currently have. Formal strategic alliances: when there is a high level of complementary between the business lines, geographical positions, or skills of two companies, the firms often go the route of a strategic alliance rather than ownership through merger or acquisition. Such strategic alliances reduce uncertainty through a legal and binding relationship with another firm. Almost everyday we can hear the news of merge of big companies. Toshiba is en of the most successful companies, which established market strength through merge. It became the top maker of large-scale memory chips through a joint venture with Motorola. Interlocking directorates: interlocking directorate is a formal linkage that occurs when a member of the board of directors of one company sits on the board of directors of another company. The individual is a communications link between companies and can influence policies and decisions. Executive recur tenement: transferring or exchanging executives also offers a method of establishing favorable linkages with external organizations. This provides another channel of influence and communication between organizations serves to reduce financial uncertainty and dependence for an Buffer spanning: as I mentioned above, buffer spanning role involves transfer organization information to external environment. A further effort of buffer spanning is try to establish favorable relationships with external environment so that the organization can occupy more resources. 2. Shape the environmental domain. In addition to adapt to the environment, organization also sometimes try to change the environment.

Free Essays on Richard Buckminster Fuller

As one of America's engineers, inventors, designers, architects, writers, educators, philosophers, and poets, Richard Buckminster Fuller contributed much to America. He is most notable for his use of innovative technology in dealing with global problems against humanity. Fuller was born in Milton, Massachusetts on July 12, 1895. From 1913- 1915, he attended the prestigious Harvard University. In the early '20's, he helped his father-in-law develop the Stockade Building System. The Stockade produced lightweight, insulated, fireproof, and waterproof housing. Later, this company failed. As a result, Fuller searched for new ways to increase the social benefits from using the earth's energy and material resources. The Dymaxion Corporation, founded by Fuller in 1932, helped him to produce a variety of his innovative designs. For instance, his new innovative house was a doughnut shaped structure which hung from a central mast; he also invented a flat map which could be folded into a globe without too many distortions. In the years of 1947-1948, Fuller developed a "synergetic-energetic" system of geometry. It was an architectural consequence of a geodesic dome. A geodesic dome is a network of interconnected tetrahedrons which form a three-way hemispherical grid. The grid evenly distributes stress to all parts of the structure. This invention led to the mathematical study of space-spanning structures. The Ford Motor Company commissioned Fuller, in 1953, to design the Ford Rotunda Dome in Dearborn, Michigan. Also, he designed domes to house military radar. Fuller eventually developed his own philosophy: "I just invent. Then I wait until man comes around to needing what I've invented." In 1959, Fuller established the World Game research team while teaching at Southern Illinois University. This research team searched for ways to protect people and the earth. In 1972, 11 years before his death, Fuller... Free Essays on Richard Buckminster Fuller Free Essays on Richard Buckminster Fuller As one of America's engineers, inventors, designers, architects, writers, educators, philosophers, and poets, Richard Buckminster Fuller contributed much to America. He is most notable for his use of innovative technology in dealing with global problems against humanity. Fuller was born in Milton, Massachusetts on July 12, 1895. From 1913- 1915, he attended the prestigious Harvard University. In the early '20's, he helped his father-in-law develop the Stockade Building System. The Stockade produced lightweight, insulated, fireproof, and waterproof housing. Later, this company failed. As a result, Fuller searched for new ways to increase the social benefits from using the earth's energy and material resources. The Dymaxion Corporation, founded by Fuller in 1932, helped him to produce a variety of his innovative designs. For instance, his new innovative house was a doughnut shaped structure which hung from a central mast; he also invented a flat map which could be folded into a globe without too many distortions. In the years of 1947-1948, Fuller developed a "synergetic-energetic" system of geometry. It was an architectural consequence of a geodesic dome. A geodesic dome is a network of interconnected tetrahedrons which form a three-way hemispherical grid. The grid evenly distributes stress to all parts of the structure. This invention led to the mathematical study of space-spanning structures. The Ford Motor Company commissioned Fuller, in 1953, to design the Ford Rotunda Dome in Dearborn, Michigan. Also, he designed domes to house military radar. Fuller eventually developed his own philosophy: "I just invent. Then I wait until man comes around to needing what I've invented." In 1959, Fuller established the World Game research team while teaching at Southern Illinois University. This research team searched for ways to protect people and the earth. In 1972, 11 years before his death, Fuller...

The Ideas in Sandra Cisneross Only Daughter and Deborah Tannens Sex, Essay

The Ideas in Sandra Cisneross Only Daughter and Deborah Tannens Sex, Lies, and Conversation - Essay Example The purpose of gender plays different roles within Cisneros’s and Tannen’s pieces. Cisneros makes a big deal that she was the only daughter of a family of seven children. She desperately wanted to have her father be proud of what she did: writing. â€Å"I wanted my father to understand what it was I was scribbling, to introduce me as ‘My only daughter, the writer.’ Not as ‘This is only my daughter. She teaches.’ Es maestra— teacher. Not even profesora.† †¨ The structure of Cisneros’s story is short and to the point. The purpose of the essay is to show how Cisneros’s professional development progressed from being basically an unknown writer to, ten years later, having had a lot of success as a writer. The purpose of gender in Tannen’s essay is to show the difference in communication patterns between men and women. â€Å"The communication problems that endanger marriage can't be fixed by mechanical enginee ring. They require a new conceptual framework about the role of talk in human relationships.† Essentially, Tannen is saying we need to be able to rework the role of conversation between men and women. The structure of the essay begins by Tannen telling a story about how women talk less in public than in men. The purpose of the essay was to draw attention to why this mix-up in communications causes divorces. The explanation for the purpose of gender in these two essays is completely different betwixt the two—and the opposite sex (men) is mentioned in Cisneros’s piece but not nearly as much as in Tannen’s. The structure of the essays were different in that Cisneros’s piece was short and Tannen’s long. Both essays had a common purpose, however, which was to see the value in womens’ contributions. III. The Outcomes From the Two Stories ? The outcome from Sandra Cisneros’s story was her professional development. â€Å"Last year, aft er ten years of writing professionally, the financial rewards started to trickle in. My second National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship. A guest professorship at the University of California, Berkeley. My book, which sold to a major New York publishing house.†3 The outcome for Tannen was talking about what bound women together: conversation. â€Å"For women, as for girls, intimacy is the fabric of relationships, and talk is the thread from which it is woven.†4 The explanation that draws a line in the sand between these two different pieces is that Sandra Cisneros is talking about how she, as a writer, overcame her struggles in order to become a writer and to ultimately make her father proud—which was the sole greatest achievement that Cisneros found?worthwhile to achieve. The main attraction of Tannen’s article is that she is talking about how gender differences severely impair relationships and lead to divorce. In terms of theme, the outcomes from these two storied essays are vastly different. In fact, Tannen’s assertion at the end of her piece that people who cannot work things out should just get divorced, makes all of her prior assertions about relationships seem invalid—because she is advocating divorce. This proves that she doesn’t really value the male-female relationship enough to want to preserve it—

Research week9 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Research week9 - Essay Example Although initially case study was my mode of selection because of the in-depth analysis of the variables however now that I review my work I think Narrative inquiry would be a lot more appropriate. By utilizing interviews and reviews as means of data gathering it will enable me to gain information directly from the participants in order to carry out my research effectively. Research Design: a. Role of Researcher. One of the biases which might affect my research is that of my own personal belief that juvenile boys are more likely to commit crimes than girls. This might result in a selection bias, that is, I might unconsciously be more inclined to pick male participants for the study. As far as my personal interest is concerned the topic of juvenile crime fascinates me. The notion that the values that we acquire from our interactions and social environment shape who we are is one that I firmly believe in. If our interactions are positive and encouraging we grow into responsible adults, at least that is what the general consensus is. However my experience suggests otherwise. There are so many adolescents that are given all sorts of facilities and encouragement yet they turn towards a life of crime. This is why I chose to study the aspect of juvenile crime and how it is affected by the social environment. b. Sample Size. Alpha = .05 Power = .80 Estimated Effect Size = .10 Conducting â€Å"Analysis of Variance† because you would be comparing more than two groups K = 3 [domestic violence, peer pressure and substance abuse]). Sample size needed: You would need 30 participants in EACH group, for a grand total of 90 participants; adding in a â€Å"buffer† for possible attrition. That makes approximately 10% attrition from pre to post assessment, adding an additional 9 participants (90 * .10 = 9). That is a grand total of N = 99 (with 33 in each group) (Dr. Burkholder, Study notes). c. Sample and Context. Under 18 boys and girls with a juvenile record, who are primarily high school students and belong to the American culture. d. Sampling Procedure. The method of non probability sampling I believe will be most appropriate for carrying out my research. In fact to be even specific purposive sampling technique which aids exploratory research and encompasses obtaining data from specific individuals, in case of my investigation this would be juveniles. This will ensure internal validity of the study as the chosen sample will be a certain fraction of the population. e. Data Type and Collection: With the help of self report surveys, questionnaire or poll participants will select a response by themselves without researcher interference. With the use of open questions as well as a Likert rating scale will provide in depth data that will facilitate data gathering for the research. f. Data Analysis: The technique that will be used to analyze the data will be that of content analysis. Ole Holsti  (1969) offers a broad definition of content analy sis as "any technique for making inferences by objectively and systematically identifying specified characteristics of messages. It basically looks at "Who says what, to whom, why, to what extent and with what effect?"   g. Ethical Protection of Participants. : I will carry out a qualitative study which will observe, explore and understand the meaning of groups ascribe to a problem (Creswell, 2009). Although initially case study was my mode of selection because of the in-depth analysis of the variables however now that I review my work I think Narrative inquiry would